11. (C) mainly – “Predominantly” means mostly or mainly. Permafrost is found mainly in Arctic and subarctic regions. 12. (B) a zone that thaws and refreezes annually – The passage defines the active layer as “a thin surface zone above the permafrost” that “thaws each summer and refreezes in winter.” 13. (C) Release of organic carbon that turns into greenhouse gases – The passage states that thawing permafrost releases organic carbon that decomposes into CO2 and methane. 14. (B) the output of a system amplifies the initial input, leading to further change – A positive feedback loop amplifies change. Here, warming releases gases that cause more warming. 15. (C) damaging roads and buildings – The passage says thawing “destabilizes the ground... damaging infrastructure like roads and buildings.”
Time: 55 minutes Number of Questions: 50 questions (This practice test contains a condensed version of 20 questions to illustrate key concepts. A full test would have 5 passages and 50 questions.) toefl itp reading practice test
In this section, you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. For questions 1–20, you are to choose the best answer (A), (B), (C), or (D) to each question. Answer all questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage. Passage 1: Biology & Animal Behavior Questions 1–5 or (D) to each question.