def actuator_velocity(flow_gpm, area_in2): """v = Q / A (in/s)""" return (flow_gpm * 231) / (area_in2 * 60) print("Force from 1500 psi on 2 sq in piston:", hydraulic_force(1500, 2), "lbf") print("New air volume if 10 cu.in at 100 psi drops to 80 psi:", pneumatic_volume_change(100, 10, 80), "cu.in") 3. 📝 10-Question Mastery Quiz (Self-Grading) Covering typical exam topics from Ch. 12.
def pneumatic_volume_change(p1, v1, p2): """Boyle's Law: find new volume (p1 v1 = p2 v2)""" return (p1 * v1) / p2 hydraulic and pneumatic power systems chapter 12
In a hydraulic intensifier, output pressure is _____ than input pressure. a) Lower b) Same c) Higher ✅ d) Unrelated def actuator_velocity(flow_gpm, area_in2): """v = Q / A
Cavitation in a hydraulic pump is caused by: a) High oil temperature b) Contaminated oil c) Low inlet pressure ✅ d) Wrong viscosity System pressure is 1200 psi
An FRL unit in a pneumatic system stands for: a) Flow, Return, Leak b) Filter, Regulator, Lubricator ✅ c) Fluid, Return, Line d) Fast, Reliable, Light
Which component converts pneumatic energy into linear motion? a) Air motor b) Pneumatic cylinder ✅ c) Solenoid valve d) Receiver tank
A hydraulic cylinder has a piston area of 4 in². System pressure is 1200 psi. What is the maximum force? a) 300 lbf b) 1200 lbf c) 4800 lbf ✅ d) 600 lbf