Black Hole Injector | Free Access |

A. J. Vance, L. M. Chen Affiliation: Institute for Advanced Propulsion Studies, Caltech / MIT (Hypothetical)

Note: The thrust exceeds a Saturn V by a factor of 5 while using 10 million times less fuel mass. black hole injector

[ P_\texttotal = P_\textHawking + P_\textSuperradiant + P_\textAccretion ] For our ( 10^6 ) kg BH, evaporation

If ( M_BH < M_\textcritical \approx 10^11 , \textkg ), the Hawking radiation power exceeds the Eddington limit, causing rapid evaporation. For our ( 10^6 ) kg BH, evaporation time without refueling is: [ t_\textevap = \frac5120 \pi G^2 M^3\hbar c^4 \approx 4.5 \times 10^7 , \texts , (\approx 1.4 , \textyears) ] Thus, continuous fuel injection is mandatory. A feedback loop adjusts injection rate to maintain ( \dotM \approx 0 ). Failure leads to an explosion equivalent to ( 10^6 ) kg converting to energy — a 20 Gigaton blast, necessitating failsafe detachment systems. Unlike conventional matter-antimatter engines

A linear accelerator (1 TeV) injects protons tangentially into the ergosphere. The injector uses a pulsed neutron beam to avoid Coulomb repulsion. Injection rate ( \dotm ) is tuned such that the BH’s mass remains constant: [ \dotM \textBH = \dotm \textin - \fracP_H + P_\textjetc^2 = 0 ]

| System | (I_sp) (s) | Thrust (N) | Storage Hazard | |--------|--------------|------------|----------------| | Chemical | (300-450) | (10^7) | Low | | Nuclear Thermal | (900) | (10^6) | Medium | | Ion Drive | (3,000) | (10) | Low | | Antimatter | (10^7) | (10^5) | Extreme | | | (2.4 \times 10^7) | (10^7) | Extreme (but passive) |

This paper proposes a novel propulsion concept, the Black Hole Injector (BHI), which utilizes a primordial or artificially generated microscopic black hole (BH) as a catalyst for complete mass-to-energy conversion. Unlike conventional matter-antimatter engines, the BHI operates by injecting baryonic matter into a stable, electrically charged, rotating black hole (Kerr-Newman metric). Through Hawking radiation and superradiant scattering, the BH re-emits up to ~40% of the injected rest mass as directed high-energy gamma rays and relativistic plasma jets. We derive the thermodynamic limits, stability criteria (the "sphericity constraint" to avoid runaway evaporation), and a theoretical specific impulse (I_sp > 10^7 , s). The BHI circumvents the antimatter storage problem by using ordinary hydrogen as fuel. We conclude with a feasibility analysis of containment using nested magnetic and gravitational shields.